上海外高桥电厂脱硫工程项目质量管理研究

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上海外高桥电厂脱硫工程项目质量管理研究

摘要

利润最大化是企业追求的目标。为了在一个具体的工程项目里获得最大利润

最重要的是提高项目质量管理水平，其前提是有技术的保障，这样预期的工程

项目的经济效益和社会效益才能达到。工程质量是企业生存和发展的立足点，是

企业的生命线，忽视质量管理就等于自绝生路。这是一个值得深入认真研究的课

题。本文以上海外高桥热电厂脱硫工程项目为案例，系统的研究了工程项目的质

量管理，一套行之有效的项目质量管理方案浮出水面，对于脱硫改造工程的工

作具有重要的指导作用。

本文的研究内容主要有以下几个方面：第一，分析了火电厂烟气脱硫改造

工程的项目管理现状，并介绍了的现实危害和针对火电厂烟气脱硫工作的

强制性的规定；第二，阐述了建设脱硫项目的必要性，以火电厂烟气脱硫情况

为基础、以项目质量管理知识为手段分析研究了火电厂脱硫项目的几个主要实施

环节：质量计划、质量保证、质量控制等；第三，以外高桥电厂脱硫工程项目为

例，对烟气脱硫项目质量管理的控制方法和大致情况进行了介绍，设计和优化

了质量管理方案，并针对项目实施过程中出现的问题给出了相应的解决办法。

关键词：脱硫工程项目管理质量管理

ABSTRACT



   ，                    

 

!!" 

!

#$  ，#

   #   #   #   

 ， !#

 ，               %  

  &' 

##(

) ， #*

  +，

#* , ，  

            !        #  

!     &            (    

  ，   ，   

         #       !  

(#  ,

 ，   # 

， 

*!

    ，        





- .：，， 

目录
摘要/
&01&2
第一章绪论3
//课题的研究背景3
///论文选题背景3
//选题的意义4
/文献综述5
/6论文的总体思路与研究方法/7
/6/论文的总体思路/7
/6论文的研究方法//
/3论文创新之处//
第二章项目质量管理的有关理论研究/6
/项目质量管理发展状况/6
项目质量管理的基本模式/3
3全面质量管理理论/4
3/全面质量管理原理概述/4
3全面质量管理的内容/5
36全面质量管理的推行步骤/8
33质量管理领域新思想——顾客完全满意/8
4本章小结/9
第三章外高桥电厂脱硫工程项目质量管理现状/:
6/外高桥电厂脱硫工程概况/:
6//外高桥电厂简介/:
6/外高桥电厂脱硫工程概况/:
6外高桥电厂脱硫工程质量管理现状7
6/质量目标/
6设计质量/
66施工质量/
66外高桥电厂脱硫工程项目质量管理问题
66/脱硫工程项目质量管理存在的问题

66工程项目质量的影响因素统计4
63本章小结8
第四章外高桥电厂脱硫工程项目质量管理方案设计9
3/外高桥电厂脱硫工程项目的质量计划9
3//外高桥电厂脱硫工程项目质量计划编制依据9
3/外高桥电厂脱硫工程项目质量计划编制原则9
3/6 外高桥电厂脱硫工程项目质量计划编制步骤9
3/3外高桥电厂脱硫工程项目质量计划的实施措施67
3/4外高桥电厂脱硫工程项目质量计划的检查与调整67
3外高桥电厂脱硫工程项目的质量保证6/
3/外高桥电厂脱硫工程项目质量保证组织机构6/
3外高桥电厂脱硫工程项目质量保证组织的设置6
36外高桥电厂脱硫工程项目质量管理责任制的制定6
36外高桥电厂脱硫工程项目的质量过程控制方案66
36/外高桥电厂脱硫工程项目设计阶段的质量控制66
36外高桥电厂脱硫工程项目招标阶段的质量控制63
366外高桥电厂脱硫工程项目施工阶段的质量控制63
363外高桥电厂脱硫工程项目竣工阶段的质量控制64
33本章小结64
第五章上海外高桥电厂脱硫工程项目质量管理方案的实施68
4/外高桥电厂脱硫工程项目质量保证优化68
4//质量管理组织结构优化68
4/质量保证大纲68
4/6全面落实质量责任制69
4/3过程保证69
4/4后期保证6:
4外高桥电厂脱硫工程项目质量控制优化6:
4/项目质量过程控制6:
4项目质量控制工具3/
46外高桥电厂脱硫工程项目质量管理整体优化33
46/针对影响工程质量的因素应采取的措施33
46项目实施阶段的质量控制39
43提高项目质量管理应该采取的措施47
43/ 质量意识的加强，质量管理教育和技能培训的强化4/
43建立、健全两大体系4/
436质量目标合理制定，质量控制点合理设计4

433质量责任制的落实46
434高严要求把好质量检查关43
435未雨绸缪，加强预防、预检44
438加强技术管理和对质量事故的查处44
44 本章小结45
第六章结论与展望48
5/研究结论48
5进一步研究的展望48
参考文献4:
在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目及取得成果5
致谢56

第一章绪论

实现利益最大化是企业的目标。企业只有以充分的技术保证为前提，提高工

程项目的质量管理水平，才能在一个具体的工程项目里获得最大利润 ;/<。脱硫

企业生存和发展的立足点和生命线就是工程质量，重视质量管理就是重视企业

的生存力。简而言之，这是一个值得斟酌和深入研究的课题。

1.1 课题的研究背景

在我国电源结构中，火电设备容量占总装机的84％以上，在 7/7年全国

总装机容量达到 437=.，火电装机容量约为377=.以上，需要电煤约/7亿吨。

到7/4 年预计火电装机在577=.左右，约需煤炭/3亿吨;<。据国家环保总局

《火电厂烟气脱硫关键技术与设备国产化规划要点（779～7/ 年）》介绍，在

目前的火电用煤平均含硫量为 /76％。如果不加处理，到 7/7 年我国仅火力发

电就会造成二氧化硫排放约/7777万吨。烟气脱硫就是要将燃煤电厂烟气排放中

的二氧化硫去掉。由于二氧化硫是酸性气体，在空气中与水接触就形成了酸，最

后以酸雨的形式在降落到地面，对环境产生巨大的污染作用。

1.1.1 论文选题背景

外高桥电厂现有3台=%7>:9/%?5型高压煤粉锅炉，每台锅炉尾部烟

道配一台三电场静电除尘器。国家新制定的标准对烟尘及二氧化硫的排放浓度提

出了严格的要求，规定了现有火力发电锅炉应达到的排放限值，并从时间段上

进行明确划分。热电厂扩建工程为/台47?.背压机组和两台7>燃煤锅炉，

拟于775 年建成投产，按新标准从时段划分上为第 时段，到 7/7 年时，热

电厂原系统与新建系统配制达到5炉6机，锅炉烟气二氧化硫的排放浓度按国

家规定已经超标。

为更好地贯彻《中华人民共和国环境保护法》和《中华人民共和国大气污染

防治法》，防治热电厂排放造成的污染，保护生活环境和生态环境，改善环境质

量，促进热电事业的技术进步和可持续发展;6<。本着及早解决，提前预防的原

则，外高桥在扩建工程中充分考虑脱硫设施的基础上，提出对热电厂原有（四

台锅炉）烟气净化处理设备进行技术改造，增装脱硫设施（原设计烟气系统无

脱硫设施），对新建两台锅炉安装烟气脱硫设施，以满足新标准对热电厂大气

污染物排放的要求。

如今项目总承包（@A2）是火电厂脱硫工程的主要形式，即业主将项目委托

承包给脱硫公司，由脱硫公司按照技术协议书和供货合同完成勘察、设计、采购

安装施工、调试运行、技术培训等全部内容。脱硫工程的质量、工期、投资、运行效

果由总承包方对业主负责。而分包商对总承包方负责，并且只要是具备相应资质

的企业均可按照合同分包项目的部分工程。但是因为烟气脱硫工程总承包刚刚起

步，缺乏管理经验，管理水平均处于一个比较低的位置，这种现状必须得以改

善。

大型脱硫项目投资巨大，从数千万元至几亿元不等，为了对国家、业主负责

也是为了企业的可持续发展，对工程负有全部法律经济责任的承包方必须恪守

职业规则，切实将有效地质量控制落实到设计、采购、安装、调试及运行等项目

全过程之中。企业的发展之本是质量管理。

1.1.2 选题的意义

电厂烟气脱硫技术出现在上世纪初，而经过十二年的研究，电气脱硫技术

在发达国家的发展迅速。比方说日本从/:87 年的不足/77 套的各类烟气脱硫装

置发展到 /::9年可以处理烟气量达/6 亿B>的共/377 套大型烟气脱硫装置。

美国和西欧的烟气脱硫技术也各有千秋;<。其中德国的)=C技术的发展得益于

严格的环保法规，尽管起步晚于日本、美国，但发展迅速，从/:96 年大型燃烧

装置环保法规颁布以来，)=C装置从总共/7 台发展到/:99 年8 座电厂的 /54

台洗涤塔，总机组容量达到 69777D.，占装机容量的 :4E，到/:: 年，

47?.以上的燃煤锅炉实现了百分之百的)=C 技术应用，其中湿法脱硫技术占

到了:7E以上。

统一后德国的电厂必须配备脱硫、脱销装置的规定直到/::5 年才到期限，

这时)=C 总装机容量的数字达到了39777?.。世界上应用)=C 装置规模最大的

国家是日本，从/:5 年)=C 工艺的开始研发到87 年代的大规模应用，以及从

/:87 年的/7台最快速发展到/:84年的::3台。脱硫率可达:7E%:9E的石灰石>

石膏湿法脱硫是其采用的唯一工艺。97年代以来日本走上了)=C 技术设备的出

口创汇之路，仅中国就接受了十多套的)=C 设备，美国、德国以及诸如印尼、泰

国等发展中国家也是其主要出口对象。日本还致力于脱硫脱销同时进行的研究开

发并应用在了工业。数千套烟气脱硫装置在美、德、日等国的建成表明烟气脱硫

产业的形成，逐年增加的投资也证实了这一点。

直至57 年代初我国才开始对烟气脱硫控制技术的研究，通过对燃煤电厂、

燃煤锅炉和冶金废气等的研究，烟气脱硫工艺和设备研究取得了实验室小试和

现场中试结果。一系列研究和开发工作在97 年代以来大量开展;6<。“七五”、

“八五”期间主要是研究分析国际上现有的脱硫技术，并进行实用性工程实验，

另一部分成绩来自于国家自然科学基金委员会资助的对脱硫技术的基础性研究；

“九五”期间，以“中小锅炉实用脱硫防尘技术与装备研究及产业化”课题为

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摘要：

上海外高桥电厂脱硫工程项目质量管理研究摘要利润最大化是企业追求的目标。为了在一个具体的工程项目里获得最大利润最重要的是提高项目质量管理水平，其前提是有技术的保障，这样预期的工程项目的经济效益和社会效益才能达到。工程质量是企业生存和发展的立足点，是企业的生命线，忽视质量管理就等于自绝生路。这是一个值得深入认真研究的课题。本文以上海外高桥热电厂脱硫工程项目为案例，系统的研究了工程项目的质量管理，一套行之有效的项目质量管理方案浮出水面，对于脱硫改造工程的工作具有重要的指导作用。本文的研究内容主要有以下几个方面：第一，分析了火电厂烟气脱硫改造工程的项目管理现状，并介绍了SO2的现实危害和针对火电厂烟气...

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