基于PWM两相步进马达驱动IC的设计

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基于 PWM 两相步进马达驱动 IC 的设计

摘要

随着马达在消费类电子市场产品中的广泛应用，马达驱动芯片受到越来越多

的关注，而步进马达驱动作为马达驱动中重要的分支，不可避免地受到了许多科

研机构和公司重视。

本文在详细论述了步进马达驱动原理的基础上设计了一种高压、大电流、中等

功率、基于PWM的两相混合式步进马达驱动IC，主要应用于打印机、复印机、电脑

扫描和绘图仪等位置与速度伺服系统控制。芯片可控额定最高电压V(max)为36V，

最大输出连续电流Io(max)为1.2A，功率MOS输出晶体管的导通电阻RDS(on)为

1.8Ω。

本文设计的芯片主要是基于PWM的两相混合式步进马达驱动IC，它利用

PWM输入信号控制可实现的全步、半步及1/4步进角的电流驱动模式，并且它的电

流衰减模式可选择从而可以提高输出电流的有效利用率，芯片还具有同步整流、

Powersave功能，同时具有过热、过流、欠压及交叉直通电流等保护功能。芯片采用

UMC 0.6um 5V-40V CMOS 工艺，用Hspice软件对电路进行了设计及仿真，并

对芯片进行了工程流片及测试，测试结果表明：芯片基本实现工作要求，且大部

分参数已达到设计指标的要求。

关键词：脉宽调制步进马达电流衰减单触发

ABSTRACT

With the wide use in the consumer eletronic market, motor driver gets much more

concern. As one of the important branches of the motor driver, Step motor driver is

getting more and more attention in many institutes and companies.

This thesis expatiates the principle of stepping motor drive and schemes out a high-

voltage、large-current、middile-power two-phase hybrid stepping motor driver IC based

on PWM(Pulse Width Modulation). It is especially useful for carriage and paper feed

stepping motors in printers and similar applications. The maximal motor supply voltage

V(max) of the chip is 36V , the maximal output constant current Io(max)is 1.2A, and

the output R(on) of the PowerMOS is 1.8Ω.

The thesis designs a 2-channel H bridge driver IC for the bipolar stepping motor

with PWM constant current control. With PWM input signal to set output current it can

work in full step、half step or quarter step driver model. The current decay pattern can

also be selected, so that the efficiency of output current can be improved. The IC

include features of Synchronous Rectification, Power save, and over current protection,

Thermal Shut Down, under voltage lock and Crossover-Current Protection. The design and

simulation of the chip are based on the UMC 0.6um 5V-40V CMOS process and HSPIC

tool. Finally, the chip die has been manufactured and the tested The test results show

that the chip can reach the work requirements and the most the electrical characteristics

can reach the design commands.

Keywords: PWM Stepping Motor Current Decay Oneshot

III

目录
摘要....................................................................................................................................I
ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................III
第一章 绪论......................................................................................................................1
1 步进马达驱动控制技术的研究现状......................................................................1
2 步进马达驱动控制系统的构成..............................................................................2
3 步进马达不同的驱动控制方式..............................................................................3
4 步进马达的分类及工作原理..................................................................................5
4.1 步进马达的分类........................................................................................5
4.2 工作原理....................................................................................................6
5 步进马达驱动控制器的发展趋势........................................................................10
6 研究内容及章节安排............................................................................................10
第二章 芯片系统原理及运用........................................................................................11
1 芯片简介................................................................................................................11
1.1 芯片基本结构框图..................................................................................11
1.2 芯片特点..................................................................................................12
1.3 电气参数指标..........................................................................................12
2 芯片工作原理........................................................................................................14
2.1 芯片系统工作原理..................................................................................14
2.2 工作过程..................................................................................................15
3 芯片基本特性描述................................................................................................15
3.1 电流设定及开关时间..............................................................................15
3.2 电流衰减模式..........................................................................................16
4 芯片应用................................................................................................................18
4.1 芯片应用..................................................................................................18
4.2 应用中的注意点......................................................................................20
5 小结........................................................................................................................20
第三章 电路设计与仿真................................................................................................21
1 BANDGAP................................................................................................................21
1.1 电路原理..................................................................................................21
1.2 实际电路原理[8][9].....................................................................................22
1.3 启动电路..................................................................................................24
1.4 偏置电流..................................................................................................24
1.5 仿真结果..................................................................................................25
2 REGULATOR............................................................................................................26

2.1 基本构架..................................................................................................26
2.2 频率补偿..................................................................................................26
2.3 实际电路..................................................................................................27
2.3 仿真结果..................................................................................................29
3 保护电路................................................................................................................31
3.1 过温保护（TSD）...................................................................................31
3.2 欠压保护（UVLO）...............................................................................33
4 DAC.......................................................................................................................35
4.1 DAClogic..................................................................................................35
4.2 Buffer........................................................................................................35
5 限流比较器............................................................................................................38
5.1 限流比较器的功能模块..........................................................................38
5.2 内部比较器基本原理..............................................................................38
5.3 比较器特性..............................................................................................39
5.4 比较器仿真结果......................................................................................41
6 ONESHOT................................................................................................................41
6.1 Oneshot 整体模块分析............................................................................41
6.2 Oneshot 内部电路分析............................................................................42
7 死区时间产生........................................................................................................47
8 输出驱动级电路....................................................................................................48
9 整体功能仿真验证................................................................................................50
9.1 输出波形..................................................................................................50
9.2 数据统计..................................................................................................54
10 小结......................................................................................................................55
第四章 版图及测试........................................................................................................57
1 版图布局................................................................................................................57
1.1 版图布局设计..........................................................................................57
1.2 关于 ESD 与 LATCH-UP.........................................................................59
2 芯片测试................................................................................................................60
3 小结........................................................................................................................63
结束语.............................................................................................................................65
致谢.................................................................................................................................67
参考文献.........................................................................................................................69
在读期间研究成果.........................................................................................................71

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摘要：

基于PWM两相步进马达驱动IC的设计摘要随着马达在消费类电子市场产品中的广泛应用，马达驱动芯片受到越来越多的关注，而步进马达驱动作为马达驱动中重要的分支，不可避免地受到了许多科研机构和公司重视。本文在详细论述了步进马达驱动原理的基础上设计了一种高压、大电流、中等功率、基于PWM的两相混合式步进马达驱动IC，主要应用于打印机、复印机、电脑扫描和绘图仪等位置与速度伺服系统控制。芯片可控额定最高电压V(max)为36V，最大输出连续电流Io(max)为1.2A，功率MOS输出晶体管的导通电阻RDS(on)为1.8Ω。本文设计的芯片主要是基于PWM的两相混合式步进马达驱动IC，它利用PWM输入信号控制...

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